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(Reprinted from Wikipedia.com December 8, 2010)
All links are to
Wikipedia's web pages
Accountancy
Accountants are the
accountancy and
financial experts that are legally certified in different
jurisdictions to work only in public practices, selling advice and
services to other individuals and businesses. Today, however, many
work within private corporations, financial industry, and government
bodies. There are many professional bodies for accountants throughout
the world; some of them are legally recognized in their jurisdictions.
- Accounting
- Finance
Investments
Personal Finance
Aviation
Aviators (Aviation Pilots) are certified through theoretical
and in-flight examinations. Requirements for certifications are quite
equal in most countries and regulated by each National Aviation
Authority. The existing certificates or pilot licenses are:
Licensing in these categories require not only
examinations but also a minimum of flight hours. All categories are
available for Fixed-Wing Aircraft (airplanes)
and Rotatory-Wing Aircraft (helicopters).
Within each category, aviators may also obtain certifications in:
Usually, aviators must be certified also in their log
books for the type and model of aircraft they are allowed to fly.
Currency checks as well as regular medical check-ups with a frequency
of 6 months, 12 months, or 36 months, depending on the type of flying
permitted, are obligatory . An aviator can fly only if holding:
In
Europe,
the
ANSP,
ATCO & ANSP technicians are certified according to
ESARRs
[2] (according to
EU regulation 2096/2004 "Common Requirements").
Business
Computer Technology
-
see main article at
Professional certification (Computer technology)
Certification is often used in the professions of
software engineering and
information technology.
Environment
Economic Development
The International Economic Development Council, IEDC,[7]
based in Washington, D.C. recognizes economic developers around the
world who have achieved a level of excellence in their understanding
of the tools and programs of economic development. In order to become
a Certified Economic Developer (CEcD) one must sit through the exam
and fulfill a number of requirements [[8]]
Other professional certifications include
certifications such as
medical licenses,
Membership of the Royal College of Physicians,
nursing board certification, diplomas in
social work. The
Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy certifies
pharmacists that are knowledgeable about principles of geriatric
pharmacotherapy and the provision of pharmaceutical care to the
elderly. The
Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies
administers a
voluntary accreditation program for
law enforcement agencies.
See also
Language Education
TESOL is a large field of employment with widely-varying degrees
of regulation. Most provision worldwide is through the
state school system of each individual country, and as such the
instructors tend to be trained primary- or
secondary school teachers that are
native speakers of the language of their pupils, not English.
Though native speakers of English have been working in non-English
speaking countries
in this capacity for years, it was not until the last twenty-five
years or so that there was any widespread focus on training
particularly for this field. Previously, workers in this sort of job
were anyone from
backpackers hoping to earn some extra travel money to
well-educated professionals in other fields doing
volunteer work, or retired people. These sort of people are
certainly still to be found, but there are many who consider TESOL
their main profession.
One of the problems facing these full-time teachers is
the absence of international governing body for the certification or
licenture of English language teachers. However,
Cambridge University and its subsidiary body
UCLES
are pioneers in trying to get some degree of accountability and
quality control to consumers of English courses, through their
CELTA
and
DELTA programs.
Trinity College, London has roughly equivalent programs, the
CertTESOL and the
LTCL DipTESOL. They offer initial certificates in teaching, in
which candidates are trained in
language awareness and
classroom techniques, and given a chance to practice teaching,
after which feedback is reported. Both institutions have as a
follow-up a professional diploma, usually taken after a year or two in
the field. Although the initial certificate is available to anyone
with a high school education, the diploma is meant to be a
post-graduate qualification and in fact can be incorporated into a
Master's degree program.
Legal
Affairs
An increasing number of
lawyers
are choosing to be recognized as having special knowledge and
experience by becoming certified specialists in certain fields of law.
According to the
American Bar Association, a lawyer that is a certified specialist
has been recognized by an independent professional certifying
organization as having an enhanced level of skill and expertise, as
well as substantial involvement in an established legal specialty.
These organizations require a lawyer to demonstrate special training,
experience and knowledge to ensure that the lawyer's recognition as a
certified specialist is meaningful and reliable. Lawyer conduct with
regard to specialty certification is regulated by the states.
NBLSC is an American Bar Association (ABA) accredited
organization providing Board Certification for US Lawyers. Board
Certification is a rigorous testing and approval process that
officially recognizes the extensive education and courtroom experience
of attorneys. NBLSC provides Board Certification for
Trial Lawyers & Trial Attorneys, Civil Lawyers, Criminal Lawyers,
Family Lawyers and Social Security Disability Lawyers.
Logistics &
Transport
Logistician is the Profession in the logistics & transport
sectors, including sea, air, land and rail modes. Professional
qualification for logisticians usually carry post-nominal letters.
Common examples include:
-
MILT (Member Institute of Logistics and Transport)
conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT),[9]
-
CMILT (Chartered Member, Institute of Logistics and
Transport) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and
Transport (CILT)
-
FCILT (Chartered Fellow, Institute of Logistics and
Transport) conferred by The Chartered Institute of Logistics and
Transport (CILT)
-
CPL/CTP conferred by Transport & Logistics
Certification Council (TLCC) of Australia,
-
EJLog/ESLog/EMLog conferred by the European
Logistics Association (ELA),
-
CML/CPL
conferred by the International Society of Logistics (SOLE),
-
JrLog/Log/SrLog conferred by the China Federation of
Logistics & Purchasing (CFLP),
-
FHKLA/MHKLA conferred by the Hong Kong Logistics
Association (HKLA),
-
PLS/CTL/DLP conferred by the American Society of
Transportation & Logistics (AST&L),
-
CPIM/CSCP conferred by the Association for
Operations Management (APICS),
-
CITT conferred by the Canadian Institute of Traffic
& Transportation (CITT)
Medicine
Board Certification is the process by which a physician in the
United States documents by written, practical and/or computer based
testing, illustrating a mastery of knowledge and skills that define a
particular area of medical specialization. The
American Board of Medical Specialties, a not-for-profit
organization, assists 24 approved medical specialty boards in the
development and use of standards in the ongoing evaluation and
certification of physicians.
Medical specialty certification in the United States
is a voluntary process. While medical licensure sets the minimum
competency requirements to diagnose and treat patients, it is not
specialty specific.
[10]Board certification demonstrate a
physician’s exceptional expertise in a particular specialty and/or
sub-specialty of medical practice.
Patients, physicians, health care providers, insurers
and quality organizations regard certification as an important measure
of a physician’s knowledge, experience and skills to provide quality
health care within a given specialty.
- Healthcare Quality
Project Management
Certification is of significant importance in the
project management (PM) industry. Certification refers to the
evaluation and recognition of the skills, knowledge, and/or competence
of a practitioner in the field.
Project management certifications come in a variety of
flavors:
-
Competence-based programs wherein an individual must
provide evidence of actual, on-the-job performance
-
Knowledge-based programs wherein an individual must
pass an exam
-
Experience-based programs wherein an individual must
provide evidence of training or education in the field.
In
Security
Other applications
-
The
American Academy of Environmental Engineers board certifies
licensed environmental engineers (Board Certified Environmental
Engineer--BCEE) and unlicensed environmental engineering
practitioners (Board Certified Environmental Engineering Member--BCEEM)
for those with a degree in engineering and at least 8 years of
practice and responsible charge in environmental engineering.
-
The
Institute of Professional Environmental Practice certifies
qualified environmental professionals (QEP) who have a degree in
physical, earth or natural science, engineering or mathematics and
at least 5 years of professional environmental work experience.
(Reprinted from
Wikipedia.com December 8, 2010)